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In the presence of extra neutrino states at high scales, the low-energy effective $3\times 3$leptonic mixing matrix (LMM) is in general nonunitary. We revisit the question of what is our current knowledge of individual LMM matrix elements without assuming unitarity. We first demonstrate that a minimal set of experimental constraints suffices in bounding LMM nonunitarity parameters to the level of $\mathcal{O}\left({10}^{-3}\right)$, without the use of neutrino oscillation data. We then revisit oscillation results as a complementary cross-check, using different physics and different experimental techniques to probe a similar parameter space. We correct some common misconceptions in the neutrino nonunitarity literature resulting from an incautious treatment of input parameters. We find that neutrino oscillation experiments can constrain LMM nonclosure, but, contrary to claims in the literature, are completely insensitive to the overall normalization of the LMM. Thus, we conclude that oscillation experiments, including the future DUNE experiment, have no power in excluding nonunitarity altogether. Published by the American Physical Society2024 

Abstract Recent progress has demonstrated that the K → μ + μ − decay carries clean short-distance information, attainable from a measurement of time-dependence sensitive to K L − K S interference effects. We review the ingredients that go into this proposed extraction, and discuss the sensitivity to the CKM parameter η ¯ as well as to various NP scenarios. 

A bstract We analyze the New Physics sensitivity of a recently proposed method to measure the CP-violating $$ \mathcal{B} $$ B ( K S → μ + μ − ) ℓ =0 decay rate using K S − K L interference. We present our findings both in a model-independent EFT approach as well as within several simple NP scenarios. We discuss the relation with associated observables, most notably $$ \mathcal{B} $$ B ( K L → π 0 $$ \nu \overline{\nu} $$ ν ν ¯ ). We find that simple NP models can significantly enhance $$ \mathcal{B} $$ B ( K S → μ + μ − ) ℓ =0 , making this mode a very promising probe of physics beyond the standard model in the kaon sector.